Various Aspect of Alkaline Phosphatase : Alkaline Phosphatase Elevated,Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes, Alkaline Phosphatase Normal Range.

An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test measures the amount of the enzyme ALP in the blood. ALP is usually in the liver and bone with a number in the intestines and kidneys. It is also made of the placenta of a pregnant woman.

Alkaline Phosphatase Elevated :

The liver makes more ALP than other organs or bones. Some conditions cause large amounts of ALP in the blood. These conditions include rapid bone growth , bone disease , or a disease where much calcium in the blood , or damaged liver cells.If the ALP level is high, more testing can be done to find the cause.
Diagnosis and workup for elevated AP is based on case series of hospital patients. In this case series, 20% to 30% of patients still have an unexplained increase in the AP after extensive workup, suggesting that the increased AP-level is a false positive. False-positive results can be expected that even higher in an asymptomatic population. Various factors, such as length, weight, gender, smoking status, age, blood, and hormonal status, etc. contribute to an isolated benign insurgency in AP. Age and sex-related percentile was published.
Table elevations of Alkaline Phosphatase

Normal physiological height

Age: increased values in the first 3 months of his life and in puberty, the normal levels in women with 18 years for men with 20 years
Gender: aged between 20 and 50 years, men 20% higher than women, women after menopause are higher
Hormonal status: increased values during puberty, pregnancy (placental isoenzymes) and post menopause
Blood: Type A and B in connection with the insurgency in the intestinal isoenzymes type AB with intermediate values
Factors related to the height, use of tobacco, elevated blood sugar, increase the weight, decreasing altitude.

Pathological height:Hepatobiliary disease: biliary obstructions due to stones, stricture, tumor; car primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis; infiltrative Granulomatous hepatitis, fatty liver amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, malignancy medications: estrogen, chlorpromazine, erythromycin, viral hepatitis
Bone disease: Paget's disease, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, meta static bone disease, vitamin D deficiency recent trauma or fracture
Other reasons: Resolution phase of the heart, lungs, kidneys, stomach, spleen or infarction, ulcers in the stomach-intestinal type, congestive heart failure with hepatic congestion, family Autosomal dominant inheritance; transient hyperphosphatemia of childhood; bronchogenic, breast, colon -, Ovarian, Cervical or prostate cancer, meta static carcinoma to the pleural surfaces.

Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes

The ALP isoenzymes test is a blood test that measures the quantities of different types of ALP. Liver, bone and placental isoenzymes of AP is the most common sources of the heights. Studies of men, women and children, in matters related to a normal water level in the AP. Hospital and laboratory-based studies have reported a number of diseases associated with elevated AP. Within today's biological diversity is estimated at 4%, and the daily variations are estimated at 8% to 10%.

How Test is Performed

Blood is taken from a venous, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of your hand. The area is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). Care for wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure on the area and the vein swell with blood.
Then the health care provider gently inserts a needle in the vein. The blood collects in airtight vial or tube to needle. The elastic band is removed from his arm.
After blood was collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site to stop any bleeding. In infants or young children, a sharp instrument called a lancet can be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects in a small glass tube called a pipette, or a slide or test strip. A link that can be placed on the area, if there is any bleeding.

How Test is Done

Health professional drawing blood will:
Wrap a rubber band around the upper arm to stop the flow of blood. This makes the veins below the band larger, so it is easier for a needle into the vein.
Clean the needle site with alcohol.
Insert the needle in the vein. More than one needle stick may be necessary.
Attach a hose to the needle filled with blood.
Remove the band from your arm when NOK blood collected.
Choose a navigation page gauze pad or cotton ball over the needle area needle is removed.
Put pressure on the area and then a bind.

Sensing how Test

When the needle is inserted into the blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a dick or tingling sensation.

Why the test is performed

This test can be used for diagnosis, such as liver disease, gallbladder disease , parathyroid disease, vitamin D deficiency, the cause of pain in the upper abdomen, bone disease. It can also be done to check liver function and to see what medicines you are taking can affect your liver.

Alkaline Phosphatase Normal Range or Normal Value :

Normal value is 20 to 140 IU / L (international units per liter)
Adults have lower levels of ALP than children. Cables that are still higher levels of ALP. During some growth spurts, can as high as 500 IU / L. For this reason, the test is not usually done on children and abnormal results look older. Women in the third trimester of pregnancy have high ALP levels because the placenta makes ALP. Children normally have much higher ALP than adults because rapid bone growth is normal in children and bones make ALP.
High values:Very high levels of ALP can be caused by liver problems, such as hepatitis, blockage of the bile ducts , gallstones, cirrhosis, liver cancer, or cancer that has spread to the liver from another part of the body.

High ALP levels can be caused by bone diseases, such as Paget's disease, osteomalacia, rickets, bone tumors, or tumors that have spread from another part of the body to the bone, or by overactive parathyroid glands . Normal healing of a bone fracture can also raise ALP levels. Heart failure, heart attack, mononucleosis, or kidney cancer can raise ALP levels. A serious infection that has spread through the body can also raise ALP levels.

Low values :Conditions that lead to malnutrition or are caused by a lack of nutrients in the diet can cause low ALP levels.

Abnormal Results : Higher than normal ALP levels may indicate: Pregnancy, Healing long bone fractures, liver disease, biliary obstructions, hepatitis, Bone disease Paget's disease, Osteoblastic bone cancer, Osteomalacia, rickets, bone disorders, anemia, rickets, Leukemia, thyroid infection Hyperparathyroidism, chronic intake of alcohol,

Lower than normal levels of ALP may indicate: Protein deficiency ,Magnesium deficiency ,Too much vitamin D or to little vitamin C ,Poor nutrition.